中考语法知识专题:状语从句

发布时间:2016-8-9 编辑:互联网 手机版

状语从句

状语从句不仅是初中英语学习的重点,而且也是每年中考必考的内容之一。从笔者研读历年全国各地中考英语试题对状语从句的考查内容来看,命题主要集中在引导状语从句的连词、状语从句的时态等方面;从九大状语从句来看,同学们应将复习重点放在时间状语从句、条件状语从句、结果状语从句和比较状语从句这四种上。

核心知识

一、对时间状语从句的考查

1.要点:

1)引导时间状语从句的连词有:while, when,as,as soon as,until,not...until,before, after,since,etc.要掌握每个连词的含义及其用法,还有它们之间的一些区别。

2)when,while,as的区别:

①三者均可表示“当……的时候”,如果主句表示的是短暂的动作,而从句表示的是一段时间,三者可通用。如:

I met Kang Li as/when/while I was walking along the street.当我沿街散步时碰见了康丽。

②as和when都可与终止性动词连用, while只能与延续性动词连用。如:

It was snowing when we got to the airport.当我们到达机场时,天正下着雪。(不能用 while)

③as强调主句与从句表示的动作同时发生;while强调主句表示的动作持续于while所指的整个时间内;when可指主、从句所述动作同时或先后发生。如:

He sang as he went along.他边走边唱。

Please write while I read.我读的时候,请写下来。

When he reached home,he had a little rest.回到家后,他休息了一会儿。

3)until和till在肯定句中表示“直到……为止”,主句要用延续性动词;在否定句中,表示“直到……才”,主句常用终止性动词,这时till和until可用before替换。如:

I waited till/until he arrived.我一直等到他到来。

We won't start until/till/before Bob comes.鲍勃到来之前,我们不会动身。

4)since从句中常用过去时,主句用一般现在时或现在完成时;如果主句是一般将来时,情态动词加动词原形或祈使句时,时间状语从句用一般现在时。如:

Where have you been since I saw you last?上次我和你见面之后,你到哪里去了?

I'll phone you as soon as I arrive in Tonghua.我一到通化就给你打电话。

2.考例:(所有考例取自2001、2002年全国各省市中考英语试题)

1)我一到美国就给你打电话。(北京市海淀区)

I'll ring you up ______ soon ______ I get to America.

2)昨天直到雨停了,孩子们才离开学校。(同上)

The children ______ leave school ______ the rain stopped yesterday.

3)It ______ ten years since they ______ to France.(河北)

A.as;covered

B.was;have moved

C.is;have moved

D.is;moved

4)He ______ wait until the rain ______ .(南京市)

A.won't;will stop

B.won't;stop

C.will;stops

D.will;will stop

二、对条件状语从句的考查

1.要点:引导条件状语从句的连词有if(如果)、unless(除非)等,unless在意义上相当于if...not。条件状语从句也像时间状语从句一样,如果主句用将来时,从句要用现在时代替将来时。如:

You will fail unless you study hard.(=You will fail if you don't study hard.)除非你努力学习,否则你会失败。

2.考例:

1)He will go to the Great Wall if it ______ tomorrow.(北京市宣武区)

A.won't rain

B.doesn't rain

C.don't rain

D.isn't raining

2) ______ you eat old food,you may be ill.(湖南)

A.Before

B.Why

C.If

D.Which

三、对比较状语从句的考查

1.要点:引导比较状语从句的连词有as...as,than。

1)表示甲与乙在某一方面相同时,用“as+原级+as”句型;表示甲在某一方面不如乙时,用“not as /so +原级+as”句型。如:

Dalian is as beautiful as Shenzhen.大连和深圳一样的美。

I don't run as/so fast as Kang Li.我不如康丽跑得快。

2)表示甲超过或不及乙时,用“比较级+从句”(从句中常省略意义与主句相同的部分)。如:

He runs faster than you(do).他跑得比你快。

Today is less cold than yesterday.今天没有昨天冷。

2.考例:

1)Jack runs as ______ as Tom.(北京市宣武区)

A.fast

B.faster

C.fastest

D.much faster

2)30,000dollars is a large amount of money,but it's ______ than we need.(上海市)

A.for more

B.very much

C.far less

D.very little

四、对结果状语从句的考查

1.要点:引导结果状语从句的连词有so...that(如此……以致于),such...that(如此……以致于)等。常用句型:

so+形容词/副词+that从句

such a/an +形容词+单数可数名词+ that从句

such+形容词+复数可数名词/不可数名词+that从句

so+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+that从句

He spoke so fast that I couldn't follow him.他讲得太快,我跟不上。

He told us such funny stories that we all laughed.

他给我们讲了那么多有趣的故事,我们全都哈哈大笑。

2.考例:

1)这山太高,我们很难到达山顶。(四川)

This mountain is ______ ______ that we can ______ ______ the top.

2)Miss Gao asked a question,but it was ______ that nobody could answer it.

A.very difficult

B.too difficult

C.difficult enough

D.so difficult

五、对其它状语从句的考查

还有五种状语从句:地点状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、方式状语从句、让步状语从句。

1.要点:

1)掌握常用的引导词:

① 引导地点状语从句的有:where(在哪里),wherever(无论何地),etc.如:

Where there is a will,there is a way.有志者,事竞成。

Wherever you go,I go too.无论你去哪里,我都去。

②引导原因状语从句的有because,as, since(因为),etc。because常回答why引导的疑问句,该从句一般位于主句后;since比as正式,两者不回答why引导的问句,而且其从句一般放在句首。如:

-Why can't I go?为什么我不能去?

-Because you're too young.因为你年纪太小了。

As(Since)you are not feeling well,you'd better stay at home.

既然你不太舒服,还是留在家里的好。

③引导目的状语从句的有so that(以便)等。如:

I packed him a little food so that he wouldn't be hungry.

我给他包了一点食物,让他不致挨饿。

④引导方式状语从句的有as(按照)等。如:

I will do it as you tell me.我将照你说的做。

⑤引导让步状语从句的有though/although(虽然),even though(尽管),whoever/ no matter who(无论谁),however/no matter how(无论怎样),whatever/no matter what(无论什么)等。如:

Though it's hard work,I enjoy it.尽管这工作很辛苦,我还是很喜欢。

No matter how hard the work was,he never gave it up.不管工作多么艰难,他都从不放弃。

2)because不能与并列连词so,though /although不能与but同时在句中使用。如:

She was late for school because she missed the bus.

{

She missed the bus,so she was late for school.

It's not cheap,but it's very good.

{

Though it's not cheap,it's very good.

2.考例:

1)I can't understand this passage _____ there are no new words in it.(安徽)

A.if

B.because

C.though

D.and

2)“Why did Li Lei use a pencil?”“ _____ his pen was broken.”(福州市)

A.Because

B.When

C.Until

D.If

六、对状语从句和宾语从句、简单句、并列句的混合考查

【考点1】区分when,if引导宾语从句和状语从句的不同:when引导时间状语从句意为“当……时候”,引导宾语从句意为“什么时候”;if引导条件状语从句意为“如果”,引导宾语从句意为“是否”。如:

1.-Mike wants to know if _____ a picnic tomorrow.

-Yes.But if it _____ ,we'll visit the museum instead.(河北)

A.you have;will rain

B.you will have;will rain

C.you will have;rains

D.will you have;rains

2.-Do you know when he _____ back tomorrow?

-Sorry,I don't.When he _____ back, I'll tell you.(安徽)

A.comes;comes

B.comes;will come

C.will come;comes

D.will come;will come

【考点2】状语从句和宾语从句、状语从句和简单句、并列句的同义转换。如:

1.A:He is too young to go to school.

B:He is _____ young _____ he can't go to school.(四川)

2.A:Tom is the tallest in his class.

B:Tom is _____ _____ any other student in his class.(四川)

3.A:The box is so light _____ that the boy can carry it.

B:The box is light for the boy to carry.(南京)

4.A:Put on your coat,or you'll catch a cold.

B: _____ you _____ put on your coat, you'll catch a cold.(上海)

典型例题

Key:

状语从句的复习重点及中考热点透视

一、2.1)as;as 2)didn't;until/till/before 3)D 4)C

二、2.1)B2)C

三、2.1)A2)C

四、2.1)so high;not reach 2)D

五、2.1)C 2)A

六、【考点1】1.C 2.C【考点2】1.so;that 2.taller than 3.enough 4.If;don't